McNicholl is primary author of account; Lowther and Hall served as special editors in preparing the final version. Hall wrote the Vocalizations section. Distribution, Systematics, and Molts and Plumages substantially rewritten by BNA staff.
Martin K. McNicholl received a M.Sc. degree from the University of Manitoba in 1971 for his work on Forster’s Tern and a Ph.D. in 1978 from the University of Alberta for studies on Blue Grouse. His subsequent field research in several Canadian provinces and Cuba includes bird monitoring at airports, on prairies and in forests, as well as behavioral and ecological studies of several colonial waterbird species. He is currently editor of British Columbia Birds and Literature Editor of North American Bird Bander . Current address: 4735 Canada Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 1L3.
Peter E. Lowther’s early interest in birds developed into Ph.D. studies at the University of Kansas, where he studied breeding biology of House Sparrows. He has taught at the University of Northern Iowa and at Idaho State University. At present he is Research Associate at The Field Museum where he works also as Computer Systems Specialist. He is married with three daughters. He also bicycles, fences foil and épée, and plays cello and bass. Current address: The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496. E-mail: lowther@fieldmuseum.org.
John A. Hall received a M.Sc. degree from Washington State University in 1985 for his work on the breeding ecology of Forster’s Tern and a Ph.D. in 1993 from Washington State University for his work on the development and larval behavior of the Great Basin spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus intermontanus). His professional career has focused on applying principles of conservation biology to the management of natural resources on landscape-scale public lands within the United States. He is currently Sonoran Desert Project Manager for The Nature Conservancy of Arizona and is a former associate editor for Northwestern Naturalist . Current address: The Nature Conservancy, 1510 East Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85719. E-mail: john_hall@tnc.org.
