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In Florida, discriminant function analysis correctly identified 95% of the Laughing Gulls to sex, with head length and gonys depth the 2 most discriminating characters (Hanners and Patton 1985); but when applied to Laughing Gulls from a New York population, the function misidentified 40% of the gulls to sex (Evans et al. 1993). A different discriminant function for New York population based on bill, total body, and wing lengths correctly identified the sex of 92% of Laughing Gulls (Evans et al. 1993). Caribbean birds are smaller than those from Florida to New England (Appendix 1).
Burger, Joanna. 1996. Laughing Gull (Leucophaeus atricilla), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/225
