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Measurements
Linear
Bill
See Figure 6 .
Wing Length
Mean ± SD (n) flattened wing length (mm): C. a. arcticola: male 117.7 ± 2.7 (12) (Browning 1991) to 121.8 ± 2.6 (78) (Greenwood 1986), female 117.0 ± 2.0 (10) (Browning 1991) to 125.1 ± 2.1 (53) (Greenwood 1986); C. a. hudsonia: male 119.6 ± 2.4 (37) to 120.3 ± 1.6 (9) (Greenwood 1986), female 121.6 ± 2.1 (7) to 122.2 ± 2.2 (27) (Greenwood 1986); C. a. pacifica: male 121.4 ± 2.4 (58), female 125.0 ± 2.9 (41) (Greenwood 1986).
Tarsus Length
Mean ± SD (n) tarsus length (mm): C. a. arcticola: male 26.2 ± 0.8 (87), female 27.1 ± 0.8 (65) (Greenwood 1986); C. a. hudsonia: male 27.0 ± 1.1 (37) to 27.4 ± 0.6 (9), female 27.4 ± 0.8 (27) to 27.6 ± 0.6 (8) (Greenwood 1986); C. a. pacifica: male 25.3 (18) (R. Gerstenberg pers. comm.) to 26.6 ± 1.0 (62) (Greenwood 1986), female 26.2 (10) (R. Gerstenberg pers. comm.) to 27.5 ± 0.8 (42) (Greenwood 1986).
Mass
See Appendix . See also Migration: control and physiology. Two peaks in mass occur during spring and fall migration. Wintering C. a. pacifica lose mass from Oct through Mar, then begin to gain mass; rapid gain occurs from first half of Apr (see Appendix) to last half; mass of breeding birds declines slightly Jun–Jul, rising at end of summer (Holmes 1966b). In England, C. a. alpina shows a midwinter peak, and midwinter mass inversely correlated with mean Dec temperatures (Pienkowski et al. 1979).
Warnock, Nils D. and Robert E. Gill. 1996. Dunlin (Calidris alpina), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/203
