Bibliography

Adams, S. G., F. M. Conly, C. L. Gratto-Trevor, K. J. Cash, and T. Bollinger. 2003. Shorebird use and mortality at a large Canadian prairie lake impacted by botulism. Waterbirds 26:13-25.

American Ornithologists' Union. 1957. Check-list of North American birds. Am. Ornithol. Union, Washington, D.C.

American Ornithologists' Union. 1983. Check-list of North American birds. Am. Ornithol. Union, Washington, D.C.

Andres, B., R. Clay, and C. Duncan. 2006. Shorebird species of conservation concern in the western hemisphere. Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network. [Online.] www.whsrn.org/shorebirds/status.html

Ashkenazie, S. and U. N. Safriel. 1979. Breeding cycle and behavior of the Semipalmated Sandpiper at Barrow, Alaska. Auk 96:56-67.

Ashmole, M. J. 1970. Feeding of Western and Semipalmated Sandpipers in Peruvian winter quarters. Auk 87:131-135.

Baker, M. C. 1973a. Stochastic properties of the foraging behavior of six species of migratory shorebirds. Behaviour 45:242-270.

Baker, M. C. 1973b. Shorebird food habits in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Condor 79:56-62.

Baker, M. C. and A. E. M. Baker. 1973. Niche relationships among six species of shorebirds on their wintering and breeding ranges. Ecol. Monog. 43:193-212.

Bakken, G. S., J. B. Williams, and R. E. Ricklefs. 2002. Metabolic response to wind of downy chicks of Arctic-breeding shorebirds (Scolopacidae) Journal of Experimental Biology 205(22):3435-3443.

Baldassarre, G. A. and D. H. Fischer. 1984. Food habits of fall migrant shorebirds on the Texas high plains. J. Field Ornithol. 55:220-229.

Bart, J., S. Brown, B. Harrington, and R. I. G. Morrison. 2007. Survey trends of North American shorebirds: population declines or shifting distributions? Journal of Avian Biology 38(1):73-82.

Becker, J. J. 1987. The fossil birds of the late Miocene and early Pliocene of Florida. I. Geology, correlation, and systematic overview. Pages 159-171 in L'Evolution des oiseaux d'apres le temoignage des fossiles. Vol. 99. Docum. lab Geol. Lyon.

Bellrose, F. and R. Graber. 1963. Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Ill, USA: A radar study of the flight directions of nocturnal migrants. Proc. Intl. Ornithol. Congress 13:362-389.

Bent, A. C. 1927. Life histories of North American shorebirds, part 1. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. no. 142.

Bickert, K. J. 1990. The birds of the late Miocene-early Pliocene Big Sandy Formation, Mohave Co., AZ, part 1. Pages 1-72 in Recent advances in the study of Neogene fossil birds. Ornithol. Monogr. No. 44.

Boates, J. S. and P. C. Smith. 1979. Length-weight relationships, energy content and the effects of predation on Corophium volutator (Pallus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda) Proc. N. S. Inst. Sci. 29:489-499.

Bradstreet, M. S. W., G. W. Page, and W. G. Johnston. 1977. Shorebirds at Long Point, Lake Erie, 1966-71: Seasonal occurrence, habitat preference, and variation in abundance. Can. Field-Nat. 91:225-236.

Brodkorb, P. 1955. The avifauna of the Bone Valley Formation. Fla. Geol. Surv. Rept. Investig. no. 14.

Brodkorb, P. 1963. Fossil birds from the Alachua Clay of Florida. Fla. Geol. Surv. Spec. Publ. no. 2, Contrib. Fla. Vert. Paleo., paper no. 4.

Brooks, W. S. 1967. Food and feeding habits of autumn migrant shorebirds at a small midwestern pond. Wilson Bull. 79:307-315.

Buchanan, J. B. 1989. Alarm calls, habituation and falcon predation on shorebirds. Wader Study Group Bull. 55:26-29.

Burger, J. 1984. Abiotic factors affecting migrant shorebirds. Pages 1-72 in Shorebirds: migration and foraging behavior. Behavior of marine animals, vol. 6. (Burger, J. and B. L. Olla, Eds.) Plenum Press, New York.

Burns, J. G. and R. C. Ydenberg. 2002. The effects of wing loading and gender on the escape flights of least sandpipers (Calidris minutilla) and western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 52(2):128-136.

Burton, J. and R. McNeil. 1976. Age determination of six species of North American shorebirds. Bird-Banding 47:201-209.

Butler, R. W. and G. W. Kaiser. 1995. Migration chronology, sex ratio, and body mass of Least Sandpipers (Calidris minutilla) in British Columbia. Wilson Bull 107:413-422.

Butler, R. W., G. W. Kaiser, and G. E. J. Smith. 1987. Migration chronology, length of stay, sex ratio, and weight of Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) on the south coast of British Columbia. J. Field Ornithol. 58:103-111.

Butler, R. W. and M. J. F. Lemon. 2001. Trends in abundance of western and least sandpipers migrating through southern British Columbia. Bird Trends 8:36-39.

Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Cooper, G. W. Kaiser, and M. C. E. McNall. 1990. The birds of British Columbia-Diurnal birds of prey through woodpeckers. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria and Canadian Wildlife Service, Delta.

Campbell, Jr., K. E. 1979. The non-passerine Pleistocene avifauna of the Talara tar seeps, nw. Peru. Life Sci. Contrib., Royal Ontario Mus. 118.

Cartar, R. V. and R. I. G. Morrison. 1997. Estimating metabolic costs for homeotherms from weather data and morphology: An example using calidridine sandpipers. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 75(1):94-101.

Castro, G., J. P. Myers, and A. R. Place. 1989. Assimilation efficiency of Sanderlings (Calidris alba) feeding on horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) eggs. Physiol. Zool. 62:716-731.

Colwell, M. A., S. D. Fellows, and L. W. Oring. 1988. Chronology of shorebird migration at Last Mountain National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada. Wader Study Group Bull. 52:18-22.

Colwell, M. A. and S. L. Landrum. 1993. Nonrandom shorebird distribution and fine-scale variation in prey abundance. Condor 95:94-103.

Colwell, M. A. and L. W. Oring. 1988. Breeding biology of the Wilson's Phalarope in southcentral Saskatchewan. Wilson Bull. 100:567-582.

Cooper, J. M. 1993. The breeding biology of the Least Sandpiper on the Queen Charlotte Is. Master's Thesis. Univ. Victoria, Victoria, B.C.

Cooper, J. M. and E. H. Miller. 1992. Brood amalgamation and alloparental care in Least Sandpipers, Calidris minutilla Can. J. Zool. 70:403-405.

Cooper, J. M. and E. H. Miller. 1997. Populations, status, and biology of shorebirds breeding near Masset, Queen Charlotte Islands. Pages 123-129 in The ecology, status, and conservation of marine and shoreline birds of the Queen Charlotte Islands. (Vermeer, K. and K. H. Morgan, Eds.) Occasional Paper 93, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottowa, Ontario.

Couch, A. B. 1966. Feeding ecology of four species of sandpipers in western Washington. Master's Thesis. Univ. Washington, Seattle.

Cramp, S. and K. E. L. Simmons. 1983. The birds of the western palearctic. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, waders to gulls. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.

Davis, C. A. and L. M. Smith. 1998a. Behavior of migrant shorebirds in playas of the southern high plains, Texas. Condor 100(2):266-276.

Davis, C. A. and L. M. Smith. 1998b. Ecology and management of migrant shorebirds in the Playa Lakes Region of Texas. Wildlife Monographs 140:1-45.

Davis, C. A., L. M. Smith, and W. C. Conway. 2005. Lipid reserves of migrant shorebirds during spring in Playas of the Southern Great Plains. Condor 107(2):457-462.

Davis, Jr., W. E. 2003. Commensal foraging and a "beater effect" involving Ruddy Turnstones, Sanderlings, Least Sandpipers, and Short-billed Dowitchers. Florida Field Naturalist 31(3):59-61.

De Leon, M. T. and L. M. Smith. 1999. Behavior of migrating shorebirds at North Dakota Prairie Potholes. Condor 101(3):645-654.

Dwight, Jr., J. 1900. The moult of the North American shore birds (Limicolae) Auk 17:368-385.

Engilis, A., L. W. Oring, E. Carrera, J. W. Nelson, and A. M. Lopez. 1998. Shorebird surveys in Ensenada Pabellones and Bahia Santa Maria, Sinaloa, Mexico: Critical winter habitats for Pacific flyway shorebirds. Wilson Bulletin 110(3):332-341.

Forbush, E. H. 1925. Birds of Massachusetts and other New England states Part 1. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Dept. Agriculture.

Frisch, R. 1982. Birds by the Dempster Highway. Morriss Printing Co. Victoria, B.C.

Gerstenberg, R. H. 1979. Habitat utilization by wintering and migrating shorebirds on Humboldt Bay, California. Pages 33-40 in Shorebirds in marine environments. Studies in avian biology, no. 2. (Pitelka, F. A., Ed.) Cooper Ornithol. Society, Lawrence, KS.

Gill, Jr., R. and P. D. Jorgenson. 1979. A preliminary assessment of timing and migration of shorebirds along the northcentral Alaska Peninsula. Pages 113-123 in Shorebirds in marine environments. Studies in avian biology, no. 2. (Pitelka, F. A., Ed.) Cooper Ornithol. Society, Lawrence, KS.

Gochfield, M. 1984. Antipredator behavior: aggressive and distraction displays of shorebirds. Pages 289-377 in Behavior of marine animals. (Burger, J. and B. L. Olla, Eds.) Plenum Press, New York.

Godfrey, W. E. 1986. The birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.

Grant, P. L. and L. Jonsson. 1984. Identification of stints and peeps. Br. Birds 77:293-315.

Gratto, C. L. and R. I. G. Morrison. 1981. Partial postjuvenile moult of the Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla Wader Study Group Bull. 33:33-37.

Gratto, G. W., M. L. H. Thomas, and C. L. Gratto. 1984. Some aspects of the foraging ecology of migrant juvenile sandpipers in the outer Bay of Fundy. Can. J. Zool. 62:1889-1892.

Gratto-Trevor, C. L. 1992. Semipalmated Sandpiper. in The Birds of North America, no. 6. (Poole, A., P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.) Acad. Natural Sciences and Am. Ornithol. Union, Philadelphia, PA.

Grinnell, J. and R. Hunt. 1929. Notes on waterbirds at Morro Bay, California. Condor 31:62-73.

Guilday, J. E. 1962. The Pleistocene local fauna of the Natural Chimneys, Augusta Co, VA. Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 36, Art 9:87-122.

Hands, H. M., M. R. Ryan, and J. W. Smith. 1991. Migrant shorebird use of marsh, moist-soil, and flooded agricultural habitats. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 19:457-464.

Harris, M. P. 1973. The Galapagos avifauna. Condor 75:265-278.

Harrison, C. 1978. A field guide to the nests, eggs, and nestlings of North American birds. Collins, New York.

Haukos, D. A. and L. M. Smith. 1993. Moist-soil management of Playa Lakes for migrating and wintering ducks. Wildlife Society Bulletin 21(3):288-298.

Hayman, P., J. Marchant, and T. Prater. 1986. Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.

Hicklin, P. W. 1987. The migration of shorebirds in the Bay of Fundy. Wilson Bull. 99:540-569.

Hicklin, P. W. and P. C. Smith. 1979. The diets of five species of migrant shorebirds in the Bay of Fundy. Proc. N. S. Inst. Sci. 29:483-488.

Hilty, S. L. and W. L. Brown. 1986. A guide to the birds of Colombia. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.

Howell, A. H. 1924. Birds of Alabama. U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D.C.

Hunter, J. E. and M. A. Colwell. 1994. Phthiraptera infestation of five shorebird species. Wilson Bull. 106:400-403.

Isleib, M. E. 1979. Migratory shorebird populations on the Copper River delta and eastern Prince William Sound, Alaska. Pages 125-129 in Shorebirds in marine environments. Studies in avian biology, no. 2. (Pitelka, F. A., Ed.) Cooper Ornithol. Society, Lawrence, KS.

Jehl, Jr., J. R. 1968a. The egg tooth of some charadriiform birds. Wilson Bull. 80:328-330.

Jehl, Jr., J. R. 1968b. Relationships in the Charadrii (shorebirds): a taxonomic study based on color patterns of the downy young. Memoir 3, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. San Diego, CA.

Jehl, Jr., J. R. 1970. Sexual selection for size differences in two species of sandpipers. Evolution 24:311-319.

Jehl, Jr., J. R. 1971. Patterns of hatching success in subarctic birds. Ecology 52:169-173.

Jehl, Jr., J. R. 1973. Breeding biology and systematic relationships of the Stilt Sandpiper. Wilson Bull. 85:115-147.

Jehl, Jr., J. R. and D. J. T. Hussell. 1966. Effects of weather on reproductive success of birds at Churchill, Manitoba. Arctic 19:185-191.

Jehl, Jr., J. R. and B. A. Smith. 1970. Birds of the Churchill region, Manitoba. Manitoba Mus. Man and Nature, Winnipeg.

Johnsgard, P. A. 1981. The plovers, sandpipers, and snipes of the world. Univ. Nebraska Press, Lincoln.

Johnson, S. R. and D. R. Herter. 1989. The birds of the Beaufort Sea. BP Exploration Ltd. Anchorage, AK.

Littlefield, C. D. and A. Pakulak. 1969. Arrival dates of birds at Churchill, Manitoba, 1968. Can. Field-Nat. 83:397-399.

Loftin, H. 1962. A study of boreal shorebirds summering on Apalachee Bay, Florida. Bird-Banding 33:21-43.

Long, L. L. and C. J. Ralph. 2001. Dynamics of habitat use by shorebirds in estuarine and agricultural habitats in northwestern California. Wilson Bulletin 113(1):41-52.

Maclean, G. L. 1972. Clutch size and evolution in the Charadrii. Auk 89:299-324.

Maclean, Jr., S. F. 1974. Lemming bones as a source of calcium for Arctic sandpipers (Calidris spp.) Ibis 116:552-557.

Manning, T. H. 1952. Birds of the west James Bay and southern Hudson Bay coasts. Natl. Mus. Canada, Ottawa.

Martinez, E. F. 1979. Shorebird banding at the Cheyenne Bottoms waterfowl management area. Wader Study Group Bull. 25:40-41.

Mcneil, R. 1969. La determination du contenu lipidique et de la capacite de vol chez quelques especes d'oiseaux de rivage (Charadriidae et Scolopacidae) Can. J. Zool. 47:525-536.

Mcneil, R. 1970. Hiverage et estivage d'oiseaux aquatiques Nord-Americains dans le nord-est du Venezuela (Mue, accumulation de graisse, capacite de vol et routes de migration) L'oiseau R.F.O. 40:185-302.

Mcneil, R. and J. Burton. 1972. Cranial pneumatization patterns and bursa of Fabricius in North American shorebirds. Wilson Bull 84:329-339.

Mcneil, R. and J. Burton. 1973. Dispersal of some southbound migrating North American shorebirds away from the Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St Lawrence, and Sable I., Nova Scotia. Caribb. J. Sci. 13:257-278.

Mcneil, R. and J. Burton. 1977. Southbound migration of shorebirds from the Gulf of St Lawrence. Wilson Bull. 89:167-171.

Mcneil, R. and F. Cadieux. 1972a. Fat content and flight-range capabilities of some adult spring and fall migrant North American shorebirds in relation to migration routes on the Atlantic coast. Nat. Can. 99:589-605.

Mcneil, R. and F. Cadieux. 1972b. Numerical formulae to estimate flight range of some North American shorebirds from fresh weight and wing length. Bird-Banding 43:107-113.

Meltofte, H., T. Piersma, H. Boyd, B. McCaffery, B. Ganter, V. V. Golovnyuk, K. Graham, C. L. Gratto-Trevor, R. I. G. Morrison, E. Nol, H. U. Rosner, D. Schamel, H. Schekkerman, M. Y. Soloviev, P. S. Tomkovich, D. M. Tracy, I. Tulp, and L. Wennerberg. in review. A circumpolar review of the effects of climate variation on the breeding ecology of Arctic shorebirds.

Meyer de Schauensee, R. 1966. Species of birds of South America and their distribution. Livingston Publishers, Narberth, PA.

Miller, E. H. 1977. Breeding biology of the Least Sandpiper, Calidris minutilla (Vieill.), on Sable I., Nova Scotia. Phd Thesis. Dalhousie Univ. Nova Scotia.

Miller, E. H. 1979a. Egg size in the Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) on Sable I, Nova Scotia, Canada. Ornis Scand. 10:10-16.

Miller, E. H. 1979b. Functions of display flights by males of the Least Sandpiper, Calidris minutilla (Vieill.), on Sable I., Nova Scotia. Can. J. Zool. 57:876-893.

Miller, E. H. 1983a. Habitat and breeding cycle of the Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) on Sable I, Nova Scotia. Can. J. Zool. 61:2880-2898.

Miller, E. H. 1983b. The structure of aerial displays in three species of Calidridinae (Scolopacidae) Auk 100:440-451.

Miller, E. H. 1984. Communication in breeding shorebirds. Pages 169-241 in Shorebirds: breeding behavior and populations. (Burger, J. and B. L. Olla, Eds.) Plenum Press, New York.

Miller, E. H. 1985. Parental behavior in the Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) Can. J. Zool. 63:1593-1601.

Miller, E. H. 1986. Components of variation in nuptial calls of the Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla; Aves, Scolopacidae) Syst. Zool. 35:400-413.

Miller, E. H., W. W. H. Gunn, and B. N. Veprintsev. 1988. Breeding vocalizations of Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii and related species, with remarks on phylogeny and adaptation. Ornis Scand. 19:257-267.

Miller, E. H. and R. McNeil. 1988. Longevity record for the Least Sandpiper: a revision. J. Field Ornithol. 59:403-404.

Moore, R. T. 1912. The Least Sandpiper during the nesting season in the Magdalen Islands. Auk 29:210-223.

Morrison, M. L. and L. F. Kiff. 1979. Eggshell thickness in American shorebirds before and since DDT. Can. Field-Nat. 93:187-190.

Morrison, R. I. G. 1978. Shorebird banding and color-marking studies in James Bay, 1977. Wader Study Group Bull. 23:36-43.

Morrison, R. I. G. 1984. Migration systems of some New World shorebirds. Pages 125-202 in Shorebirds: migration and foraging behavior. Behavior of marine animals, vol. 6. (Burger, J. and B. L. Olla, Eds.) Plenum Press, New York.

Morrison, R. I. G., A. Bourget, R. Butler, H. L. Dickson, C. L. Gratto-Trevor, P. Hicklin, C. Hyslop, and R. K. Ross. 1994. A preliminary assessment of the status of shorebirds in Canada. CWS Progress Note.

Morrison, R. I. G., C. Downes, and B. Collins. 1994. Population trends of shorebirds on fall migration in eastern canada 1974-1991. Wilson Bulletin 106(3):431-447.

Morrison, R. I. G., R. E. Gill, Jr., B. A. Harrington, S. Skagen, G. W. Page, C. L. Gratto-Trevor, and S. M. Haig. 2001b. Estimates of shorebird populations in North America. Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Paper 104:1-62.

Morrison, R. I. G. and Peter Hicklin. 2001. Recent trends in shorebird populations in the Atlantic Provinces. Bird Trends 8:16-19.

Morrison, R. I. G., R. K. Ross, and B. de Jong. 1989. The Guianas. Pages 167-177 in Atlas of nearctic shorebirds on the coast of South America. (Morrison, R. I. G. and R. K. Ross, Eds.) Can. Wildl. Service, Ottawa.

Morrison, R. I. Guy, Y. Aubry, R. W. Butler, G. W. Beyersbergen, G. M. Donaldson, C. L. Gratto-Trevor, P. W. Hicklin, V. H. Johnston, and R. K. Ross. 2001a. Declines in North American shorebird populations. Wader Study Group Bulletin 94:34-38.

Mugica Valdes, L., M. Acosta Cruz, and D. Denis Avila. 2001. Temporal dynamic of the bird community associated with Sur del Jibaro rice culture. Revista Biologia (Havana) 15(2):86-97.

Myers, J. P. 1984. Spacing behavior of nonbreeding shorebirds. Pages 271-321 in Shorebirds: migration and foraging behavior. Behavior of marine animals, vol. 6. (Burger, J. and B. L. Olla, Eds.) Plenum Press, New York.

Myers, J. P., P. G. Connors, and F. A. Pitelka. 1979. Territoriality in non-breeding shorebirds. Pages 231-246 in Shorebirds in marine environments. Studies in avian biology, no. 2. (Pitelka, F. A., Ed.) Cooper Ornithol. Society, Lawrence, KS.

Myers, J. P., R. I. G. Morrison, P. Z. Antas, B. A. Harrington, T. E. Lovejoy, M. Sallaberry, S. E. Senner, and A. Tarak. 1987. Conservation strategy for migratory species. Am. Sci. 75:18-26.

Nebel, S. 2006. Latitudinal clines in sex ratio, bill, and wing length in Least Sandpipers. Journal of Field Ornithology 77(1):39-45.

Nebel, S., D. L. Jackson, and R. W. Elner. 2005. Functional association of bill morphology and foraging behaviour in calidrid sandpipers. Animal Biology 55(3):235-243.

Norton, D. W. 1972. Incubation schedules of four species of calidridine sandpipers at Barrow, Alaska. Condor 74:164-176.

Oring, L. W. and W. M. Davis. 1966. Shorebird migration at Norman, Oklahoma: 1961-1963. Wilson Bull. 78:166-174.

Page, G. 1974. Molt of wintering Least Sandpipers. Bird-Banding 45:93-105.

Page, G. and M. Bradstreet. 1968. Size and composition of a fall population of Least and Semipalmated Sandpipers at Long Point, Ontario. Ont. Bird-Banding 4:50-81.

Page, G. and A. Salvadori. 1969. Weight changes of Semipalmated and Least Sandpipers pausing during autumn migration. Ont. Bird-Banding 5:52-58.

Page, G. and D. F. Whiteacre. 1975. Raptor predation on wintering shorebirds. Condor 77:73-83.

Page, G. W., E. Palacios, L. Alfaro, S. Gonzalez, L. E. Stenzel, and M. Jungers. 1997. Numbers of wintering shorebirds in coastal wetlands of Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Field Ornithology 68(4):562-574.

Page, G. W., L. E. Stenzel, and C. M. Wolfe. 1979. Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary. Pages 15-32 in Shorebirds in marine environments. Studies in avian biology, no. 2. (Pitelka, F. A., Ed.) Cooper Ornithol. Society, Lawrence, KS.

Palmer, R. S. 1967. Species accounts. Pages 143-267 in The shorebirds of North America. (Stout, G. D., Ed.) Viking Press, New York.

Parmelee, D. F. 1992. White-rumped Sandpiper. in The Birds of North America, no. 29. (Poole, A., P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.) Acad. Nat. Sci. and Am. Ornithol. Union, Philadelphia, PA.

Paulson, D. 1983. Fledging dates and southward migration of juveniles of some Calidrissandpipers. Condor 85:99-101.

Paulson, D. 1993. Shorebirds of the Pacific Northwest. UBC Press, Vancouver, BC.

Petersen, M. R., D. N. Weir, and M. H. Dick. 1991. Birds of the Kilbuck and Ahklun Mountain region, Alaska. N. Am. Fauna 76:1-158.

Philipp, P. B. 1925. Notes on some summer birds of the Magdalen Islands. Can. Field-Nat. 39:75-78.

Post, W. and M. M. Browne. 1976. Length of stay and weights of inland migrating shorebirds. Bird-Banding 47:333-339.

Prater, T., J. Marchant, and J. Vourinen. 1977. Guide to identification and aging of holarctic waders. Br. Trust Ornithol. Tring, UK.

Preble, E. A. 1923. A biological survey of the Prilof Islands, Alaska. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D.C.

Recher, H. F. 1964. Some aspects of the population biology of migrant shorebirds. Phd Thesis. Stanford Univ. Palo Alto, CA.

Recher, H. F. 1966. Some aspects of the ecology of migrant shorebirds. Ecology. 47:393-407.

Recher, H. F. and J. A. Recher. 1969. Some aspects of the ecology of migrant shorebirds II. Aggression. Wilson Bull. 81:140-154.

Ricklefs, R. E. 1984. Egg dimensions and neonatal mass of shorebirds. Condor 86:7-11.

Robert, M., R. McNeil, and A. Leduc. 1989. Conditions and significance of night feeding in shorebirds and other waterbirds in a tropical lagoon. Auk 106:94-101.

Rootes, D. M. 1988. The status of birds at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Brit. Antarct. Surv. Bull. 80:87-119.

Rubega, M. A. 1997. Surface tension prey transport in shorebirds: How widespread is it? Ibis 139(3):488-493.

Safran, R. J., C. R. Isola, M. A. Colwell, and O. E. Williams. 1997. Benthic invertebrates at foraging locations of nine waterbird species in managed wetlands of the northern San Joaquin Valley, California. Wetlands 17(3):407-415.

Sage, B. L. 1974. Ecological distribution of birds in the Atigun and Sagavanirktok River valleys, arctic Alaska. Can. Field-Nat. 88:281-291.

Salter, R. E., M. A. Gollop, S. R. Johnson, W. R. Koski, and C. E. Tull. 1980. Distribution and abundance of birds on the arctic coastal plain of the northern Yukon and adjacent Northwest Territories: 1971-1976. Can. Field-Nat. 94:219-238.

Schneider, D. C. and B. A. Harrington. 1981. Timing of shorebird migration in relation to prey depletion. Auk 98:801-811.

Selosse, Nicolas. 2001. Report by the Homologation Commission. Years 1996 and 1997. Aves 38(3):127-157.

Semenchuk, G. P. 1992. The atlas of breeding birds of Alberta. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton.

Senner, S. E. and M. A. Howe. 1984. Conservation of Nearctic shorebirds. Pages 379-421 in Shorebirds: migration and foraging behavior. Behavior of marine animals, vol. 6. (Burger, J. and B. L. Olla, Eds.) Plenum Press, New York.

Sibley, D. 1993. The Birds of Cape May. New Jersey Audubon Society, Cape May Point, NJ.

Skagen, S. K., D. A. Granfors, and C. P. Melcher. 2008. On determining the significance of ephemeral continental wetlands to north American migratory shorebirds. Auk 125(1):20-29.

Skagen, S. K. and F. L. Knopf. 1993. Towards conservation of midcontinental shorebird migrations. Conserv. Biol. 7:533-541.

Skagen, S. K. and F. L. Knopf. 1994. Migrating shorebirds and habitat dynamics at a prairie wetland complex. Wilson Bull. 106:91-105.

Smith, K. G., J. C. Neal, and M. A. Mlodinow. 1991. Shorebird migration at artificial fish ponds in the prairie-forest ecotone of northwestern Arkansas. Southwest. Nat. 36:107-113.

Spaans, A. L. 1976. Molt of flight and tail feathers of the Least Sandpiper in Surinam, South America. Bird Banding 47:359-364.

Spaans, A. L. 1978. Status and numerical fluctuations of some North American waders along the Surinam coast. Wilson Bull. 90:60-83.

Spaans, A. L. 1979. Wader studies in Surinam, South America. Wader Study Group Bull. 25:32-37.

Stenzel, L. E. and G. W. Page. 1988. Results of the first comprehensive shorebird census of San Francisco and San Pablo Bays. Wader Study Group Bull. 54:43-48.

Stotz, D. F., R. O. Bierregaard, M. Cohn-Haft, P. Petermann, J. Smith, A. Whittaker, and S. V. Wilson. 1992. The status of North American migrants in central Amazonian Brazil. Condor 94:608-621.

Styles, F. G. and A. F. Skutch. 1989. A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY.

Thomas, B. T. 1987. Spring shorebird migration through central Venezuela. Wilson Bull. 99:571-578.

Thomas, G. H., M. A. Wills, and T. Székely. 2004. A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny. Bmc Evolutionary Biology 4.

Ticehurst, C. B. 1930. On young in down of the Knot (Calidris canutus) and other waders. Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club 51:5-9.

Townsend, C. W. 1927. Least Sandpiper. Habits. Pages 202-209 in Life histories of North American shorebirds, part 1. (Bent, A. C., Ed.) U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. no. 142.

Tripp, K. J. and J. A. Collazo. 1997. Non-breeding territoriality of semipalmated sandpipers. Wilson Bulletin 109(4):630-642.

Tsipoura, N. and J. Burger. 1999. Shorebird diet during spring migration stopover on Delaware Bay. Condor 101(3):635-644.

U. S. Shorebird Conservation Plan. 2004. High Priority Shorebirds - 2004. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington, VA.

Urner, C. A. and R. W. Storer. 1949. The distribution and abundance of shorebirds on the north and central New Jersey coast, 1928-1938. Auk 66:177-194.

Veit, R. R. and L. Jonsson. 1984. Field identification of smaller sandpipers within the genus Calidris Am. Birds 38:853-876.

Veit, R. R. and Petersen. 1993. Birds of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Audubon Society, Lincoln.

Wallace, D. I. M. 1974. Field identification of small species in the genus Calidris Brit. Birds 67:1-17.

Weber, T. P. and A. I. Houston. 1997. Flight costs, flight range and the stopover ecology of migrating birds. Journal of Animal Ecology 66(3):297-306.

Yarbrough, C. G. 1970. Summer lipid levels of some subarctic birds. Auk 87:100-110.